HVAC Fault Detection & Diagnostics

Find the HVAC faults your BAS alarms don't explain.

Threshold alarms report limits and events. OnPoint reads the relationships across your existing trend data to show the evidence, the likely root cause, and the estimated cost, then ranks what deserves attention first by dollars, severity, and ease of repair.

01 — The difference

Where threshold alarms stop, and what trend data adds.

Threshold alarms

  • Fire only when a value crosses a fixed limit
  • Are built to flag hard failures and out-of-range values
  • Usually don't flag waste that stays inside the normal range
  • Usually don't show cost, likely cause, or priority

OnPoint fault detection

  • Detects patterns and relationships, not just thresholds
  • Finds issues that may not trip an alarm
  • Ranks issues by dollars, severity, and ease of repair
  • Shows the evidence, likely root cause, and recommended action

Your team stays in control: OnPoint reads data and makes no control writes. It doesn't replace your BAS or dispatch technicians. Your team or contractor makes the fix. Mark it resolved and OnPoint keeps watching for improvement.

02 — The fault library

Sample faults OnPoint detects.

A sample of the patterns OnPoint screens your trend data for. The fault library is built on our co-founders' building-performance research at Carnegie Mellon and keeps growing as deployments surface new failure modes.

Heating and cooling valve commands, RTU-2 During occupied hours the heating valve holds about 40 percent open while the cooling valve holds about 70 percent open. A dashed line marks normal operation, where the heating valve stays closed while the unit cools. The shaded band marks the overlap. normal: one valve at a time cooling valveheating valve both valves open at once
Example

Simultaneous heating & cooling

Heating and cooling fighting in the same air. Comfort holds, so it rarely draws a complaint, but you pay for both at once.

Normal
One valve open at a time
Abnormal
Heating and cooling valves open together
Consequence
Paying for both; comfort holds, no alarm
Detected from
valve/command overlap vs. zone temps
Economizer damper against free-cooling weather The shaded band marks hours when outdoor air could cool the building. A dashed line shows the damper opening as it should; the actual damper command stays flat at its minimum. normal: damper opens damper at minimum free cooling missed
Example

Economizer faults

Dampers stuck or mis-sequenced, paying for mechanical cooling during hours the weather would cool for free.

Normal
Damper opens when outside air can cool
Abnormal
Damper held at minimum through mild weather
Consequence
Mechanical cooling runs for free-cooling hours
Detected from
damper position vs. outdoor-air temp
Equipment runtime against occupied hours Equipment runs from 4 am to 10 pm while the space is occupied from 7 am to 5 pm. A dashed outline marks the occupied hours; the shaded bands mark runtime with the space empty. runtimeoccupied normal: run when occupied runs with the space empty
Example

Schedule vs. occupancy

Equipment running nights, weekends, and early mornings for spaces that are empty.

Normal
Runtime matches occupied hours
Abnormal
Runs nights, weekends and early mornings
Consequence
Energy spent on empty space
Detected from
runtime vs. occupancy & schedule
A sensor against its reference A dashed reference reading and the sensor track together, then the sensor diverges and flatlines. The shaded band marks the interval after divergence. referencesensor controls act on bad data
Example

Sensor drift & failure

A sensor reads wrong, so the controls that rely on it respond to bad data while the point still looks normal.

Normal
Sensor tracks its reference
Abnormal
Sensor diverges, then flatlines
Consequence
Controls respond to bad data
Detected from
cross-point consistency checks
Setpoint history against design intent A dashed line marks the design setpoint. The actual setpoint steps away from it four times and never returns; the shaded wedge marks the drift. design setpointsetpoint override never returned
Example

Setpoint drift

Temporary overrides and one-off adjustments that stayed in place and add up over time.

Normal
Setpoint at design intent
Abnormal
Steps away and never returns
Consequence
Override costs accumulate quietly
Detected from
setpoint history vs. design intent
Short cycling against one shaped run cycle On the left the equipment starts and stops nine times in a short period; the shaded band marks the short cycling. On the right a dashed line shows one properly shaped run cycle for comparison. normal: one run cycle repeated short starts
Example

Runtime inefficiencies

Cycling, short-starts, and hours far beyond what the load actually requires.

Normal
One shaped run cycle
Abnormal
Repeated short starts
Consequence
Wear and energy far beyond the load
Detected from
runtime & cycling patterns
A control loop against its setpoint A dashed line marks the setpoint. The controlled value oscillates around it with growing amplitude instead of settling; the shaded band marks the widest swings. setpoint loop hunting, never settles
Example

Control sequence problems

Loops that hunt, resets that never engage, sequences that drifted from their design intent.

Normal
Loop settles at setpoint
Abnormal
Hunting with growing amplitude
Consequence
Reset never engages; equipment fights itself
Detected from
loop behavior & reset engagement
Damper command against the airflow reading The damper command steps up and down. A dashed line shows the airflow that should follow it; the actual flow reading stays flat. The shaded band marks the interval where the reading ignores the command. commandflow readingexpected flow reading stays flat
Example

Airflow sensor failures

Flow stations reading wrong, so boxes under- or over-supply while the readings look normal.

Normal
Flow follows damper command
Abnormal
Command steps, reading stays flat
Consequence
Boxes over- or under-supply unseen
Detected from
flow vs. damper & command logic
03 — The output

Issues ranked by what they cost and what it takes to fix them.

You get a prioritized list, not a wall of alerts. Each issue shows the equipment, the evidence, the recommended fix, and its estimated annual cost, ranked by dollars, severity, and ease of repair.

Example · issues ranked by dollars, severity, and ease of repair

#FindingEquipmentFix effortEst. annual impact
01Simultaneous heating and cooling, weekday occupied hoursRTU-2Sequence change$18,400
02Economizer at minimum position through free-cooling weatherAHU-1Repair / recommission$11,900
03Occupied schedule running 4am and weekends, space unoccupiedVAV-2-08Schedule change$6,200
04Discharge-air reset disabled after a sequence changeAHU-2Re-enable reset$4,100
05Chilled-water pumps staging early against false demandCHW plantStaging tune$3,800

Example. Illustrative figures, not from a specific building.

Many fixes are settings changes: many of the costliest issues are control-logic problems — a changed sequence, a schedule that drifted, a disabled reset, an override left in place. Those are often fixed by changing settings rather than buying equipment, so a controls contractor can usually handle them in a normal maintenance window. Some faults do need capital work, and OnPoint flags those plainly.

04 — The engine

Prescriptiv does the screening.

Prescriptiv, the engine inside OnPoint, is built on our co-founders' building-performance research at Carnegie Mellon. It checks relevant points against the fault library, looking at relationships and patterns a threshold alarm isn't designed to see. See how it works

05 — Track improvement

Follow each issue through the fix.

Your team or contractor makes the fix. Mark it resolved and OnPoint keeps watching for improvement. As you add buildings, issues rank across your whole portfolio.

$105,000

in estimated annual savings opportunities, identified by OnPoint at a 220,000-square-foot school.

See the school result
See it on your building

Find HVAC waste in your building.

Start with one building. If the data reveals an issue, we'll show a representative finding and its potential savings. The full ranked list, with root cause and resolution guidance, comes with a subscription.